{"id":6140,"date":"2020-08-25T16:02:12","date_gmt":"2020-08-25T16:02:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/new.bernhardrinner.com\/?page_id=6140"},"modified":"2026-03-19T12:30:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T12:30:18","slug":"sensor-networks","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bernhardrinner.com\/?page_id=6140","title":{"rendered":"Sensor Networks"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Due to the advances in electronics and (wireless) communication, the development of networks of low-cost, low-power, multi-functional sensors has received increasing attention. These sensor networks are a new type of networked, embedded computing systems and are expected to become a key technology for many pervasive computing applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This lecture covers the fundamental concepts of sensor networks, including hard- and software architectures, networking aspects, power-awareness, security and sensor fusion. The lecture is complemented by student talks on selected, application-oriented topics. In a related lab course (&#8220;Sensor Networks Lab&#8221;), students can get hands-on experience in developing sensor network applications. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Outline<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Introduction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hardware- and Software-Aspects<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MAC Protocols<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Routing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Synchronization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Security and Privacy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Applications and Case Studies<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schedule<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>The course takes place in the summer term and has two teaching units per week. Please check the <a href=\"https:\/\/campus.aau.at\/studium\/course\/122919\" data-type=\"URL\">AAU Campus site<\/a> for details on schedule and lecture rooms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prerequisites and Related Courses<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This course is primarily indented for master students in ECE or CS and PhD students in engineering. It is a mandatory course for the study branch &#8220;Communications and Networks&#8221; of the study program on &#8220;Information and Communications Engineering (ICE)&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The course aims to cover the key technologies and methods found in sensor networks and internet of things (IoT). Participants should have passed (bachelor) courses on <em>computer networks<\/em>, <em>communications engineering<\/em> and <em>programming<\/em>. For students specializing in &#8220;pervasive computing&#8221;, it is recommended to take this course in the second semester.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Related (master) courses include <em>pervasive computing (Rinner)<\/em>, <em>wireless networks (Bettstetter)<\/em>, <em>digital signal processing (Rinner)<\/em> and <em>sensors and actuators (Zangl)<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Handouts<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt00.pdf\">course material<\/a> is available via the links below. Most of the documents are passwort protected. The passwort will be provided for enrolled students at the beginning of the course.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/Code of Conduct_TeWi_EN.pdf\" data-type=\"URL\">Code of Conduct (PDF)<\/a> for studies of the Faculty of Technical Sciences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Student presentations<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>List of <a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN-PresentationsSS26.pdf\">available topics<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exam<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>There is an oral exam at the end of the semester. No documents are allowed.<br><br>The examination consists of two parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Preparation and presentation of an assigned topic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oral exam &nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Both parts must be successfully completed to pass the examination. One compensation is offered to students who failed in either of these examination parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Content<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Introduction<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Sensing and Sensors; Sensor Network Applications; Trends in Sensor Network Development; Challenges in Sensor Networks<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt01.pdf\">Chapter 1: slides (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt01-SE.pdf\">Chapter 1: self evaluation (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Content<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Hardware<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>WSN Node Architecture; Sensors; Processing Systems; I\/O Interfaces; Node Examples; Energy Sources<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt02.pdf\">Chapter 2: slides (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt02-SE.pdf\">Chapter 2: self evaluation (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arif et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3516814\">Resource-Efficient Ubiquitous Sensor Networks for Smart Agriculture: A Survey<\/a>. IEEE Access 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Software<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Operating Systems Basic: Requirements and Features; Sensor Network OS Case Studies; WSN Middleware Examples<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt03.pdf\">Chapter 3: slides (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt03-SE.pdf\">Chapter 3: self evaluation (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/tinyos.stanford.edu\/tinyos-wiki\/index.php\/Main_Page\">TinyOS open source<\/a> (URL)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/LiteOS.pdf\">The LiteOS Operating System: Towards Unix-like Abstractions forWireless Sensor Networks (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/Contiki.pdf\">Contiki &#8211; a Lightweight and Flexible Operating System for Tiny Networked Sensors (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=1160178\">MANTIS OS: An Embedded Multithreaded Operating System for Wireless Micro Sensor Platforms (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/TinyDB.pdf\">TinyDB: An Acquisitional Query Processing System for Sensor Networks (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/mate-asplos02.pdf\">Mate: A Tiny Virtual Machine for Sensor Networks (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/TinyLIME.pdf\">TinyLIME: Bridging Mobile and Sensor Networks through Middleware (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. MAC Protocols<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>MAC Overview (Characteristics, Challenges and Requirements, Contention-Based vs. Contention-Free);<br>Contention-Free Protocol Examples (TRAMA, Y-MAC);<br>Contention-Based Protocols (MACA\/W, S-MAC, B-MAC)<br>Hybrid Protocols (Zebra MAC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt04.pdf\">Chapter 4: slides (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt04-SE.pdf\">Chapter 4: self evaluation (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/Rajendran_2003.pdf\">TRAMA: Energy-Efficient, Collision-Free Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/Kim_YMAC2008.pdf\">Y-MAC: An Energy-efficient Multi-channel MAC Protocol for Dense Wireless Sensor Networks (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/Polastre_SENSYS2004.pdf\">B-MAC: Versatile Low Power Media Access for Wireless Sensor Networks (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/Rhee_TransNetw2008.pdf\">Z-MAC: A Hybrid MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Routing<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Overview (Centralized vs. Multi-hop, Address-based vs. Data-centric);<br>Data-centric Forwarding (Flooding, Gossiping, SPIN, Direct Diffusion, Rumor Routing);<br>Address-based Routing (AODV, DSR, DSDV, GPSR)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt05.pdf\">Chapter 5: slides (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt05-SE.pdf\">Chapter 5: self evaluation (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Synchronization<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Overview (Motivation and Requirements, Challenges, Definitions and Basic Techniques);<br>Time Synchronization Protocols (Reference Broadcast Synchronization, Time-Diffusion Sync Protocol, Timing-Sync Protocol for Sensor Networks, Lightweight Tree-based Synchronization, Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt06.pdf\">Chapter 6: slides (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt06-SE.pdf\">Chapter 6: self evaluation (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/Simeone_SPM2008.pdf\">Simeone et al. Distributed Synchronization in Wireless Networks. Signal Processing Magazine 2008 (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/Yik-Chung_SPM2011.pdf\">Wu et al. Clock Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks. Signal Processing Magazine, 2011 (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Security and Privacy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Visual Sensor Networks; Threats and attack patterns; Design challenges; Approaches towards security (data-centric, network-centric, node-centric, user-centric); Privacy in VSNs; Open issues and outlook<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt07.pdf\">Chapter 7: slides (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/teaching\/sn\/SN_Chapt07-SE.pdf\">Chapter 7: self evaluation (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pervasive.aau.at\/BR\/pubs\/2014\/Winkler_ACMComSurv2014.pdf\">Winkler, Rinner. Security and Privacy Protection in Visual Sensor Networks: A Survey. ACM Computing Surveys. 2014 (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Due to the advances in electronics and (wireless) communication, the development of networks of low-cost, low-power, multi-functional sensors has received increasing attention. These sensor networks are a new type of networked, embedded computing systems and are expected to become a key technology for many pervasive computing applications. This lecture covers [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":36,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6140","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernhardrinner.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernhardrinner.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernhardrinner.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernhardrinner.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernhardrinner.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6140"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/bernhardrinner.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7391,"href":"https:\/\/bernhardrinner.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6140\/revisions\/7391"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernhardrinner.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernhardrinner.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}